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PloS One 2015The health effects of recent economic crises differ markedly by population group. The objective of this systematic review is to examine evidence from longitudinal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The health effects of recent economic crises differ markedly by population group. The objective of this systematic review is to examine evidence from longitudinal studies on factors influencing resilience for any health outcome or health behaviour among the general population living in countries exposed to financial crises.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed studies from six electronic databases (EMBASE, Global Health, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) which used quantitative longitudinal study designs and included: (i) exposure to an economic crisis; (ii) changes in health outcomes/behaviours over time; (iii) statistical tests of associations of health risk and/or protective factors with health outcomes/behaviours. The quality of the selected studies was appraised using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed.
RESULTS
From 14,584 retrieved records, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies were conducted across 10 countries in Asia, Europe and North America over the past two decades. Ten socio-demographic factors that increased or protected against health risk were identified: gender, age, education, marital status, household size, employment/occupation, income/ financial constraints, personal beliefs, health status, area of residence, and social relations. These studies addressed physical health, mortality, suicide and suicide attempts, mental health, and health behaviours. Women's mental health appeared more susceptible to crises than men's. Lower income levels were associated with greater increases in cardiovascular disease, mortality and worse mental health. Employment status was associated with changes in mental health. Associations with age, marital status, and education were less consistent, although higher education was associated with healthier behaviours.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite widespread rhetoric about the importance of resilience, there was a dearth of studies which operationalised resilience factors. Future conceptual and empirical research is needed to develop the epidemiology of resilience.
Topics: Economics; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 25905629
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123117 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva May 2015The purpose of this study is to review the literature on longitudinal studies that have evaluated the effect of social mobility on the occurrence of smoking in various... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this study is to review the literature on longitudinal studies that have evaluated the effect of social mobility on the occurrence of smoking in various populations. Articles were selected from the web databases PubMed and Web of Science using the words: follow up, cohort longitudinal prospective, social mobility, social change life, course socioeconomic, smoking, and tobacco. Of the six studies identified in this review, four used occupational classification to measure social mobility. All six were carried out on the continent of Europe. The results indicate higher proportions of tobacco users among those with lower socioeconomic level during the whole period of observation (for all variables analyzed); and that people who suffered downward mobility, that is to say people who were classified as having a higher socioeconomic level at the beginning of life, tended to mimic habits of the new group when they migrated to a lower social group.
Topics: Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Smoking; Social Mobility
PubMed: 26017952
DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015205.01642014 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022The many facets of work, including employment relationships and attendant employment quality, the day-to-day conditions experienced in any given job, and the evolution...
The many facets of work, including employment relationships and attendant employment quality, the day-to-day conditions experienced in any given job, and the evolution of one's working circumstances over time can support or detract from health, and combine in myriad ways to impact worker well-being [...].
Topics: Humans; Health Equity; Employment; Longitudinal Studies; Time
PubMed: 36360925
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114047 -
Biometrics Sep 2022Longitudinal biomarkers are widely used in biomedical and translational researches to monitor the progressions of diseases. Methods have been proposed to jointly model...
Longitudinal biomarkers are widely used in biomedical and translational researches to monitor the progressions of diseases. Methods have been proposed to jointly model longitudinal data and survival data, but its causal mechanism is yet to be investigated rigorously. Understanding how much of the total treatment effect is through the biomarker is important in understanding the treatment mechanism and evaluating the biomarker. In this work, we propose a causal mediation analysis method to compute the direct and indirect effects, when a joint modeling approach is used to take the longitudinal biomarker as the mediator and the survival endpoint as the outcome. Such a joint modeling approach allows us to relax the commonly used "sequential ignorability" assumption. We demonstrate how to evaluate longitudinally measured biomarkers using our method with two case studies, an AIDS study and a liver cirrhosis study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Causality; Longitudinal Studies; Models, Statistical
PubMed: 33871871
DOI: 10.1111/biom.13475 -
Health & Place Sep 2022This review aimed to assess the longitudinal associations between neighborhood social, natural, and built environments, and multiple mental health outcomes (i.e.,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This review aimed to assess the longitudinal associations between neighborhood social, natural, and built environments, and multiple mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, common mental disorder, and pooled mental disorders). Of 6,785 records retrieved, 30 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analytical results primarily obtained from developed country studies showed that composite neighborhood socioeconomic status was negatively associated with depression (p = 0.007) and pooled mental disorders (p = 0.002), while neighborhood urbanicity was positively associated with depression (p = 0.012) and pooled mental disorders (p = 0.005). Future longitudinal studies with similar designs and standardized exposure assessments are warranted.
Topics: Built Environment; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Mental Health; Residence Characteristics; Social Class
PubMed: 35988452
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102893 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Oct 2023Longitudinal studies have shown that children with complex trauma (i.e., exposure to multiple or repeated traumatic events of an interpersonal nature) have poorer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Longitudinal studies have shown that children with complex trauma (i.e., exposure to multiple or repeated traumatic events of an interpersonal nature) have poorer cognitive outcomes later in life than children without complex trauma. This association may be moderated by the timing of the trauma, which may explain, in part, some heterogeneity in the findings reported across previous investigations. The objective of the systematic review and meta-analyses was to compare the cognitive outcomes of children with complex trauma and controls and to explore whether the timing of trauma (i.e., its onset and recency) moderated this association. Electronic databases (APA PsycNET, Pubmed Central, ERIC, CINAHL, Embase) and gray literature were systematically searched. To be included, studies had to (1) have a longitudinal design, (2) comprise children with complex trauma and controls, and (3) include a cognitive assessment. Thirteen studies were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare children with complex trauma and controls, while subgroup analyses and meta-regressions explored the impact of potential moderators. Children with complex trauma had poorer overall cognitive functioning than controls, and the timing of trauma (early onset and, to a greater extent, recency of trauma) moderated this association. Thus, findings suggest that children with complex trauma are at risk of cognitive difficulties quickly after trauma exposure. As such, systematic neuropsychological assessment and interventions supporting the optimal development of cognitive functioning among children with complex trauma should be investigated to determine whether prompt interventions lead to better cognitive functioning.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cognition; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 35786061
DOI: 10.1177/15248380221111484 -
Headache Jun 2013The objective of this series is to examine several threats to the interpretation of headache chronification studies that arise from methodological issues. The study of... (Review)
Review
The objective of this series is to examine several threats to the interpretation of headache chronification studies that arise from methodological issues. The study of headache chronification has extensively used longitudinal designs with 2 or more measurement occasions. Unfortunately, application of these designs, when combined with the common practice of extreme score selection as well as the extant challenges in measuring headache frequency rates (eg, unreliability, regression to the mean), induces substantive threats to accurate interpretation of findings. Partitioning the amount of observed variance in rates of chronification and remission attributable to regression artifacts is a critical yet previously overlooked step to learning more about headache as a potentially progressive disease. In this series on rethinking headache chronification, we provide an overview of methodological issues in this area (this paper), highlight the influence of rounding error on estimates of headache frequency (second paper), examine the influence of random error and regression artifacts on estimates of chronification and remission (third paper), and consider future directions for this line of research (fourth paper).
Topics: Headache; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Risk Factors; Thinking
PubMed: 23721237
DOI: 10.1111/head.12127 -
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Dec 2021Aperiodic activity contains important and meaningful physiological information that has been shown to dynamically change with age. However, no longitudinal studies have...
Aperiodic activity contains important and meaningful physiological information that has been shown to dynamically change with age. However, no longitudinal studies have examined its development during early-to-mid adolescence. The current study closes this gap by investigating age- and sex-related longitudinal change in aperiodic activity across early-to-mid adolescence (N = 186; 54.3% female). Participants completed a resting state task and a Flanker task while EEG was record at age 13 years and again at age 15 years. Across different tasks and two time points, we observed significant age-related reductions in aperiodic offset and exponent. In addition, we observed significant sex-related differences in the aperiodic offset and exponent over time. We did not find any significant correlation between aperiodic activity and behavioral measures, nor did we find any significant condition-dependent change in aperiodic activity during the Flanker task. However, we did observe significant correlations between aperiodic activity across tasks and over time, suggesting that aperiodic activity may demonstrate stable trait-like characteristics. Collectively, these results may suggest a developmental parallelism between decreases in aperiodic components alongside adolescent brain development during this period; changes to cortical and subcortical brain structure and organization during early adolescence may have been responsible for the observed sex-related effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Brain; Female; Humans; Language; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 34781249
DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101035 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Dec 2021Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that maternal anxiety relates to overprotection, yet studies have found conflicting evidence. The literature would benefit... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that maternal anxiety relates to overprotection, yet studies have found conflicting evidence. The literature would benefit from a systematic review.
METHODS
In April 2020, a systematic review on the relation between maternal anxiety and overprotection was conducted. The search was updated in January 2021. A total of 13 articles were included.
RESULTS
Of 16 reported bivariate correlations, 12 showed that maternal anxiety accounted for significant variance in overprotection (7 reported a small effect and 5 reported a medium effect). In a group differences study, mothers with anxiety showed greater overprotection. Additionally, in 4 out of 7 multivariate relations maternal anxiety accounted for significant variance in overprotection over and above other factors while 3 suggested that maternal anxiety did not account for significant variance in overprotection. In a multivariate, longitudinal study, maternal anxiety predicted overprotection, over and above other factors. Given conflicting evidence, we evaluated article's methodological strength and found stronger evidence supporting a small to medium size relation compared to evidence supporting no significant relation.
LIMITATIONS
We report ranges of coefficients and effect sizes, but meta-analytic results are needed to determine the magnitude of these relations based on various factors. More longitudinal studies are needed to determine directionality.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the literature shows conflicting results, the present review supports that maternal anxiety relates to overprotection, though the effect of this relation is small to medium. It may be beneficial to incorporate mental health for parents into existing parenting interventions.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Mothers; Parenting
PubMed: 34509069
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.065 -
The Gerontologist Jul 2021Information on transgender people's health, and especially their experiences of aging, is lacking, including from major longitudinal studies of aging like the Health and...
Information on transgender people's health, and especially their experiences of aging, is lacking, including from major longitudinal studies of aging like the Health and Retirement Study and its sister studies in the Gateway to Global Aging Data project. This paper surveys the state of gender data collection among major longitudinal studies and finds that all but one fail to collect adequate information on participants' gender to determine participants' gender identities. It identifies the unique challenges that population-wide longitudinal data collection poses to current best practices for identifying transgender survey participants and proposes a modified "two-question model": one question for sex assigned at birth and a second for gender identity, both of which offer 3 responses.
Topics: Aging; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 32838429
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa107